I-Methylamine(CAS#74-89-5)
Ubungozi Nokuphepha
| Amakhodi Engozi | I-R12 – Ivutha Kakhulu R20 – Kuyingozi ngokuhogela umoya R37/38 – Ukucasula uhlelo lokuphefumula kanye nesikhumba. R41 – Ingozi yokulimala okubi emehlweni R34 – Ibangela ukusha U-R20/22 – Kuyingozi ngokuhogela umoya futhi uma ugwinyiwe. I-R11 – Ivutha Kakhulu R39/23/24/25 - R36/37/38 – Ukucasula amehlo, uhlelo lokuphefumula kanye nesikhumba. R23/24/25 – Kunobuthi ngokuhogela, ukuthintana nesikhumba futhi uma ugwinywe. R40 – Ubufakazi obuncane bomphumela we-carcinogenic I-R19 – Ingase yenze ama-peroxides aqhumayo |
| Incazelo Yokuphepha | I-S7 – Gcina isitsha sivalwe ngokuqinile. S16 – Zigcine kude nemithombo yokuthungela. S26 – Uma uthintana namehlo, geza ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. I-S36/37 – Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ezifanele namagilavu. S45 – Uma kwenzeka ingozi noma uzizwa ungaphilile, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha (bonisa ilebula noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.) S29 – Ungathululi emiseleni. S36/37/39 – Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ezifanele, amagilavu kanye nokuvikela iso/ubuso. S3/7 - I-S3 - Gcina endaweni epholile. S39 – Gqoka ukuvikela iso / ubuso. I-S33 - Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ngokumelene nokukhishwa okumile. |
| Ama-ID e-UN | UN 3286 3/PG 2 |
| I-WGK Germany | 2 |
| I-RTECS | PF6300000 |
| AMAKHODI E-FLUKA BRAND F | 4.5-31 |
| I-TSCA | Yebo |
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 29211100 |
| I-Hazard Class | 3 |
| Iqembu Lokupakisha | II |
| Ubuthi | I-LD50 ngomlomo kumagundane: 100-200 mg/kg (Kinney); I-LC50 kumagundane: 0.448 ml/l (Sarkar, Sastry) |
Ulwazi
| organic chemical izinto zokusetshenziswa | I-methylamine, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-methylamine kanye ne-aminomethane, iyizinto ezibalulekile eziphilayo zamakhemikhali ezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye neziphakathi, ekamelweni lokushisa kanye nokucindezela komkhathi wegesi evuthayo engenambala, ukugxila okuphezulu noma ukucindezelwa kwe-compression, enephunga elinamandla le-ammonia. Iphunga lezinhlanzi ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu. Incibilika emanzini, incibilika ku-ethanol, ether. Kulula ukushisa, yakha ingxube eqhumayo ngomoya, umkhawulo wokuqhuma: 4.3% ~ 21%. Kukhona i-alkaline ebuthakathaka, i-alkaline kune-ammonia, ne-asidi ye-inorganic ukukhiqiza usawoti oncibilikayo emanzini. Ihlanganiswa kusuka ku-methanol ne-ammonia ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu kanye ne-catalyst, futhi ingalungiswa ngokushisa i-formaldehyde ne-ammonium chloride kuya ku-300 ℃ ngaphansi kwesenzo se-zinc chloride. I-Methylamine ingasetshenziswa ekwenzeni izibulala-zinambuzane, imithi, ama-accelerators enjoloba vulcanization, odayi, iziqhumane, isikhumba, i-petroleum, ama-surfactants, ama-ion exchange resins, ama-strippers kapende, i-coatings kanye nezithasiselo. Kuyimpahla ebalulekile yokukhiqiza isibulala-zinambuzane i-Dimethoate, i-carbaryl ne-chlordimeform. Ubuthi bokuhogela i-methylamine yisigaba sobuthi obuphansi, ukugxila okuphezulu okuvumelekile emoyeni 5mg/m3(0.4ppm). Okubolayo, okucasulayo emehlweni, esikhunjeni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Uma kwenzeka ilangabi elivulekile, kunengozi yokuvutha okubangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu, futhi ukulimala kwamasilinda nezinsiza kuzodala ukuqhuma. |
| Usizo Lokuqala Lokungenwa ushevu | I-methylamine iyikilasi elinobuthi obuphakathi elinokucasuka okuqinile kanye nokubola. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza nangesikhathi sokuthutha, ngenxa yokuvuza ngengozi, kuzodala ukuthintana nobuthi obunzima. Lo mkhiqizo ungadonswa ngomgudu wokuphefumula, isisombululo singadonswa ngesikhumba, futhi usawoti ungaba nobuthi ngokungena ngengozi. Lo mkhiqizo unomphumela onamandla ovuselelayo emehlweni, umgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu, isikhumba kanye ne-mucosa. Ukuhogela umoya okugxilile kungalimaza amaphaphu. Izimo ezimbi kakhulu zingabangela i-pulmonary edema, i-respiratory distress syndrome nokufa. Kodwa-ke, azikho izehlakalo ze-systemic poisoning ezike zabikwa ekhaya naphesheya. I-Liquid methylamine compounds inokucasuka okunamandla nokugqwala, ingabangela ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali kwamehlo nesikhumba. Isixazululo se-aqueous esingu-40% se-methylamine singabangela ubuhlungu bokuvutha kwamehlo, i-photophobia, izinyembezi, Ukuminyana kwe-Conjunctival, ukuvuvukala kwejwabu leso, i-corneal edema kanye nesilonda esingaphezulu, izimpawu zingahlala isonto elingu-1 kuya kwangu-2. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekugxilweni okuphansi kwezinhlanganisela ze-methylamine, kungase kuzwe amehlo omile, ikhala, umphimbo kanye nokungakhululeki. [izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala] lapho isikhumba sithintana, khumula izingubo ezingcolile ngokushesha futhi ugeze kahle ngamanzi amaningi agelezayo, i-0.5% ye-citric acid ihlanza isikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nama-gargles. lapho amehlo engcolile, amajwabu amehlo kufanele aphakanyiswe, ahlanjululwe ngamanzi agijimayo noma ngosawoti okungenani imizuzu engu-15, bese ehlolwa nge-fluorescein staining. Uma kukhona ukulimala kwe-cornea, kufanele kuboniswane ne-ophthalmologist. kulabo abahogele igesi ye-monomethylamine, kufanele basuke ngokushesha endaweni yesehlakalo futhi baye endaweni enomoya omusha ukuze bagcine umgudu wokuphefumula ungavinjwa. I-Dyspnea yeziguli kufanele inikezwe i-oxygen inhalation, ngemva kokwelashwa, isiguli sathunyelwa esibhedlela ukuze sithole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. |
| inhloso | isetshenziswa njengento eyisisekelo ye-organic eluhlaza yokubulala izinambuzane, ezemithi, izindwangu nezinye izimboni, futhi isetshenziswa ekuqhumeni kwejeli yamanzi. esetshenziswa njenge-solvent kanye nesiqandisi esetshenziswa njengezinto eziyisisekelo zamakhemikhali emvelo, futhi asetshenziswa ekubulaleni izinambuzane, kwezemithi, kwendwangu nakwezinye izimboni esetshenziswa njenge-surfactant, i-polymerization inhibitors kanye nezinyibilikisi, iphinde isetshenziswe embonini ye-organic synthesis kanye nokuphrinta nokudaya. ukuze kuhlanganiswe izibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenzayo, imithi, odayi, izinongo, njll., kanye ne-electrolysis, i-electroplating monomethylamine iyi-aliphatic amine organic chemical raw material ebalulekile, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izibulala-zinambuzane, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa i-N- i-methyl chloroacetamide, okuyi-intermediate ye-organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate ne-omethoate; i-monocrotophos ephakathi kwe-α-chloroacetylmethanamine; I-Carbamoyl chloride ne-methyl isocyanate njengeziphakathi ze-carbamate insecticides; Kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane ezifana ne-monoformamidine, i-Amitraz, i-benzenesulfonon, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye isetshenziselwe kwezokwelapha, irabha, odayi, imboni yesikhumba kanye nezinto ezithinta izithombe. I-methylamine inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zezimboni. I-Methylamine ingasetshenziswa njengomuthi (ukwenza kusebenze, i-caffeine, i-ephedrine, njll.), isibulala-zinambuzane (i-carbaryl, i-dimethoate, i-chloramidine, njll.), udayi (i-alizarin ephakathi, i-anthraquinone ephakathi, njll.), iziqhumane kanye nophethiloli (ijeli yamanzi eqhumayo, i-monomethhydrazine , njll.), ama-surfactants, ama-accelerator, nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana nezinsiza zenjoloba, izithombe amakhemikhali nezincibilikisi. Isiphakathi sokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali e-agrochemicals kanye nemithi yokukhiqizwa kwe-N-methylpyrrolidone (solvent). |
| indlela yokukhiqiza | ngokwezimboni, i-methylamine ihlanganiswa kusuka ku-methanol ne-ammonia ekushiseni okuphezulu nge-converter ehlala ifakwe i-alumina catalyst ecushiwe, nokho, ukusabela kwe-methylation akumi esigabeni se-monomethylamine, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ingxube ye-monomethylamine, i-dimethylamine ne-trimethylamine. Lawula isilinganiso se-methanol ne-ammonia, i-ammonia eyeqile, bese wengeza amanzi kanye nokujikeleza kwe-trimethylamine kuyasiza ekwakhiweni kwe-methylamine ne-dimethylamine, lapho inani le-ammonia liyizikhathi ezingu-2.5 ze-methanol, izinga lokushisa lokuphendula lingu-425 deg C, lapho ukusabela ingcindezi yi-2.45MPa, i-amine exubile ye-10-12% ye-monomethylamine, i-8-9% ye-dimethylamine kanye ne-11-13% ye-trimethylamine ingatholakala. Njengoba i-trimethylamine yakha i-azeotrope ene-ammonia namanye ama-methylamine ekucindezelweni komkhathi, imikhiqizo yokusabela ihlukaniswa ngenhlanganisela ye-distillation yokucindezela kanye ne-distillation ekhishwayo. Ngokusekelwe ekukhiqizweni kwe-1t exutshwe i-methylamine, i-1500kg ye-methanol kanye ne-500kg ye-ammonia ewuketshezi iyasetshenziswa. Ngokwemibiko efanele yezincwadi, ukushintsha isilinganiso se-methanol ne-ammonia kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthola umkhiqizo owufunayo, isilinganiso se-methanol ne-ammonia esingu-1:1.5 yizimo ezingcono kakhulu zokwakheka kwe-trimethylamine, methanol ne-ammonia isilinganiso esingu-1:4 izimo ezingcono kakhulu zokwakhiwa kwe-methylamine. Ziningi izindlela zokukhiqiza ze-monomethylamine, Kodwa i-methanol amination isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini. CH3OH + NH3 → CH3NH2 + H2O2CH3OH + NH3 →(CH3)2NH + 2H2O3CH3OH + NH3 →(CH3)3N + 3H2O kusuka ku-methanol ne-ammonia ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1.5~4, ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nengcindezi yegesi eqhubekayo, isigaba I-catalytic amination reaction yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-activated i-alumina njenge-catalyst, Umkhiqizo oxubekile ongahluziwe we-mono-, di-ne-trimethylamine uyakhiqizwa, bese uhlukaniswa ukukhishwa kwengcindezi eqhubekayo ngochungechunge lwamakholomu e-distillation, afingqiwe futhi akhishwe i-deammoniated futhi aphelelwe amanzi ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo ye-mono-, di-ne-trimethylamine ngokulandelanayo. . |
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